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Certificate no
499
Status
National Historic Fleet
a12admin
Details
Function
Fighting Vessel
Subfunction
Warship
Location
Portsmouth
Vessel type
Ship of the Line
Current use
Museum based
Available to hire
No
Available for excursions
No
Info required
No
Web address
http://www.hms-victory.com
Construction
Builder
Admiralty, Chatham
Built in
1765
Hull material
Wood
Rig
Unknown
Number of decks
3
Number of masts
3
Propulsion
Sail
Primary engine type
None
Boiler type
None
Boilermaker
None
Dimensions
Breadth: Beam
51.00
feet
(5.49
m)
Depth
19.68
feet
(6.00
m)
Length: Overall
227.00
feet
(68.88
m)
Tonnage: Gross
0.00
Air Draft
153.00
feet
(46.63
m)
History
Significance
HMS VICTORY is the oldest commissioned warship in the world and the only surviving First Rate Ship of the Line of the period. Her design is a careful balance of fighting qualities, including fire-power and stability, with structural strength, handling and sailing qualities which included a speed of around 10 knots. Consequently she had a long and successful history as a warship with an impressive list of battle honours, the most famous of these being the Battle of Trafalgar where the ship acted as Admiral Lord Nelson’s flagship.
As a result she is a national and international icon with a special place in the affection of the British people.
Now restored externally and internally to her 1805 condition she is a living museum to life in the Georgian Navy. Visitors leave the ship with a clear understanding of what it was like to live and fight in a Ship of the Line, and in particular the conditions and routines before, during and after the Battle of Trafalgar. The ferocity of the battle is brought home by the condition of the fore topsail which was severely damaged by upwards of 90 cannon balls and projectiles and is on display in the Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth .
HMS VICTORY represents the embodiment of British Naval mastery at its absolute height, when Britain’s supremacy over all her actual or potential enemies was unchallenged and the Royal Navy enjoyed supreme command of the world’s oceans. The death of Admiral Lord Nelson and the Battle of Trafalgar is remembered every year with a dinner in every officer’s mess in the Royal Navy. There are a number of Nelson Societies which maintain links with the ship. The ship is preserved and presented to a high standard and is the leading attraction in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard and a major landmark in the City of Portsmouth. She is held in great affection by the local residents.
History
HMS VICTORY was designed by Sir Thomas Slade, Senior Surveyor of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1765 and used around 6000 trees of which 90% were oak, the remainder being elm, pine and fir. She was not commissioned until 1778 and this long period of weathering resulted in her timbers being well seasoned which was a major reason for her long life. She was a First Rate Ship of the Line with an outfit of 100 guns on 3 decks.
HMS VICTORY was in active service for 34 years. She served as the flagship to a number of distinguished Admirals and fought at the first Battle of Ushant in 1778 (Keppel), the Second Battle of Ushant in 1781 (Kempenfelt) and the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797 (Jervis). In 1797, she was pronounced unfit for further active service and was due to be converted to a hospital ship. However, when HMS IMPREGNABLE was lost in October 1797 leaving the Admiralty short of a First Rate, the decision was taken to refit VICTORY which took place at Chatham between 1800-1803.
As part of an extensive reconstruction, extra gun ports were added, increasing her guns from 100 to 104, the magazine was lined with copper, the masts were replaced and the paint scheme changed from red to the black and yellow seen today. She sailed for Portsmouth in April 1803 and Nelson hoisted his Flag onboard in May 1803 as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet. Admiral Lord Nelson was VICTORY’s most famous Admiral.
On 21 October 1805, she led the British Fleet under his command into battle against a Franco-Spanish force off Cape Trafalgar. Nelson was shot at the height of the battle and died at 16.30 when victory was assured. VICTORY suffered a lot of punishment, 57 men were killed and 102 wounded, and the ship was so badly damaged that she had to be towed to Gibraltar for emergency repairs before returning home with Nelson’s body onboard.
After further service in the Baltic and off the coast of Spain, VICTORY was placed in reserve in 1812 and was moored off Gosport as a depot ship. Flagship of the Port Admiral, Portsmouth from 1824, she became flagship of the Commander-in-Chief in 1899. She then slowly deteriorated at her moorings until a campaign to save her was started in 1921 by the Society of Nautical Research (SNR).
In 1922 she was moved into No 2 dock Portsmouth, the oldest drydock in the world, for restoration. The work was completed in 1924 and preservation continued under the supervision of the Society for Nautical Research (SNR). The ship subsequently underwent another extensive restoration programme to make her appearance as close as possible to that at Trafalgar, for the bicentenary of the battle in October 2005. She is still in commission as the flagship of the Second Sea Lord/Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command.
Source; David Newberry, Advisory Committee, December 2008
Sources
Bugler, A, HMS Victory, building, restoration & repair, HMSO, 1966
McGowan, Alan, HMS Victory, Her Construction, Career and Restoration, Chatham Publishing, 1999
Brouwer, Norman J, International Register of Historic Ships, Anthony Nelson, pp180, Edition 2, 1993
Sullivan, Dick, Old Ships, Boats and Maritime Museums, Coracle Books, 1978
Classic Boat: Victory's decks no longer red, January 2002
Classic Boat: Victory's 25 years, June 2015
Classic Boat: HMS Victory - Final topmast removed, December 2011
Key dates
-
1765
Built at Chatham Dockyard as a First Rate of 100 guns and remained on the Medway for 13 years
-
1778
Vessel commissioned and sent to Portsmouth to become the flagship of Admiral Keppel in command of the Channel Fleet. Involved in an indecisive action off Ushant
-
1778-1782
Became successively the Flagship of Admirals Hardy, Geary, Hyde-Parker and Kempenfelt
-
1782
Became the Flagship of Lord Howe and took part in the relief of Gibraltar and the Battle of Cape Spartel
-
1783
Returned to Portsmouth and paid off
-
1793
With Lord Hood as the C in C, the vessel left England with a Fleet of 21 ships and captured Toulon which was later lost due to the efforts of a young Napoleon Bonaparte
-
1794
Took part in the Siege of Calvi where Captain Nelson lost the sight of his right eye
-
1795
Served as the Flagship of Admiral Man, Second in Command to Admiral Hotham. Took part in an indecisive action off Cape Hyeres which led to Spain joining the French Later that year the Command of the Fleet passed to Admiral Sir John Jervis
-
1797
Took part in the Battle of Cape St Vincent, then returned to Chatham and paid off
-
1798-1800
Became a hospital ship for the prisoners of war in the Medway
-
1801-1803
Almost rebuilt with a large refit carried out
-
1803
Re-commissioned as the flagship of Admiral Nelson, Commander-in Chief, Mediterranean Fleet
-
1805
21 October, led the British Fleet under Nelson’s command into battle against a Franco-Spanish force off Cape Trafalgar. Nelson was shot at the height of the battle and died at 16.30 when victory was assured VICTORY had to be towed to Gibra
-
1812
After further service in the Baltic and off the coast of Spain, she was placed in reserve and moored off Gosport as a depot ship
-
1824
Flagship of the Port Admiral, Portsmouth
-
1899
Flagship of the Commander-in-Chief
-
1921
After slowly deteriorating at her moorings, a campaign to save her was started by the Society of Nautical Research (SNR)
-
1922
Moved into No 2 dock Portsmouth, the oldest drydock in the world, for restoration
-
1924
Work completed and preservation continued under the supervision of the SNR The ship subsequently underwent another extensive restoration programme to make her appearance as close as possible to that at Trafalgar, for the bicentenary of the battle in O
-
1928
Opened to the public by King George V
-
2011
Consecration of a new memorial to Admiral Lord Nelson and those who fought and died onboard during her 34 year operational life
-
2012
Remains in commission as the flagship of the Second Sea Lord/Commander-in-Chief Naval Home Command
-
2018
Vessel currently undergoing an 18-month programme to re-support her as she is sagging under own weight in dry dock. Rather than the existing steel 'blades', which are placing considerable strain on the hull structure, these will be replaced by 134 15-foot adjustable steel props fitted over two levels. The ship remains open to visitors in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard.
Grants
-
2012-2013
The Heritage Lottery Fund awarded £5,000,000 towards the vessel's Catalyst Endowment
-
March 2012
Vessel will remain a commissioned warship after custodianship is handed over to the NMRN in Portsmouth in April 2012. £16m contract awarded to BAE Systems Surface Ships to support the vessel. Source: Southern Daily Echo, March 2012
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